[Frontend] Online Pooling API (#11457)

Signed-off-by: DarkLight1337 <tlleungac@connect.ust.hk>

docs/source/models/generative_models.md

@@ -120,19 +120,7 @@ outputs = llm.chat(conversation, chat_template=custom_template)
 
 ## Online Inference
 
-Our [OpenAI Compatible Server](../serving/openai_compatible_server) can be used for online inference.
+Our [OpenAI Compatible Server](../serving/openai_compatible_server) provides endpoints that correspond to the offline APIs:
-Please click on the above link for more details on how to launch the server.
 
-### Completions API
+- [Completions API](#completions-api) is similar to `LLM.generate` but only accepts text.
-
+- [Chat API](#chat-api)  is similar to `LLM.chat`, accepting both text and [multi-modal inputs](#multimodal-inputs) for models with a chat template.
-Our Completions API is similar to `LLM.generate` but only accepts text.
-It is compatible with [OpenAI Completions API](https://platform.openai.com/docs/api-reference/completions)
-so that you can use OpenAI client to interact with it.
-A code example can be found in [examples/openai_completion_client.py](https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm/blob/main/examples/openai_completion_client.py).
-
-### Chat API
-
-Our Chat API is similar to `LLM.chat`, accepting both text and [multi-modal inputs](#multimodal-inputs).
-It is compatible with [OpenAI Chat Completions API](https://platform.openai.com/docs/api-reference/chat)
-so that you can use OpenAI client to interact with it.
-A code example can be found in [examples/openai_chat_completion_client.py](https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm/blob/main/examples/openai_chat_completion_client.py).

docs/source/models/pooling_models.md

@@ -106,22 +106,8 @@ A code example can be found in [examples/offline_inference_scoring.py](https://g
 
 ## Online Inference
 
-Our [OpenAI Compatible Server](../serving/openai_compatible_server.md) can be used for online inference.
+Our [OpenAI Compatible Server](../serving/openai_compatible_server.md) provides endpoints that correspond to the offline APIs:
-Please click on the above link for more details on how to launch the server.
 
-### Embeddings API
+- [Pooling API](#pooling-api) is similar to `LLM.encode`, being applicable to all types of pooling models.
-
+- [Embeddings API](#embeddings-api) is similar to `LLM.embed`, accepting both text and [multi-modal inputs](#multimodal-inputs) for embedding models.
-Our Embeddings API is similar to `LLM.embed`, accepting both text and [multi-modal inputs](#multimodal-inputs).
+- [Score API](#score-api) is similar to `LLM.score` for cross-encoder models.
-
-The text-only API is compatible with [OpenAI Embeddings API](https://platform.openai.com/docs/api-reference/embeddings)
-so that you can use OpenAI client to interact with it.
-A code example can be found in [examples/openai_embedding_client.py](https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm/blob/main/examples/openai_embedding_client.py).
-
-The multi-modal API is an extension of the [OpenAI Embeddings API](https://platform.openai.com/docs/api-reference/embeddings)
-that incorporates [OpenAI Chat Completions API](https://platform.openai.com/docs/api-reference/chat),
-so it is not part of the OpenAI standard. Please see [](#multimodal-inputs) for more details on how to use it.
-
-### Score API
-
-Our Score API is similar to `LLM.score`.
-Please see [this page](#score-api) for more details on how to use it.

docs/source/serving/openai_compatible_server.md

@@ -42,6 +42,8 @@ In addition, we have the following custom APIs:
 
 - [Tokenizer API](#tokenizer-api) (`/tokenize`, `/detokenize`)
   - Applicable to any model with a tokenizer.
+- [Pooling API](#pooling-api) (`/pooling`)
+  - Applicable to all [pooling models](../models/pooling_models.md).
 - [Score API](#score-api) (`/score`)
   - Only applicable to [cross-encoder models](../models/pooling_models.md) (`--task score`).
 
@@ -179,7 +181,12 @@ The order of priorities is `command line > config file values > defaults`.
 (completions-api)=
 ### Completions API
 
-Refer to [OpenAI's API reference](https://platform.openai.com/docs/api-reference/completions) for more details.
+Our Completions API is compatible with [OpenAI's Completions API](https://platform.openai.com/docs/api-reference/completions);
+you can use the [official OpenAI Python client](https://github.com/openai/openai-python) to interact with it.
+
+#### Code example
+
+See [examples/openai_completion_client.py](https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm/blob/main/examples/openai_completion_client.py).
 
 #### Extra parameters
 
@@ -200,15 +207,20 @@ The following extra parameters are supported:
 ```
 
 (chat-api)=
-### Chat Completions API
+### Chat API
 
-Refer to [OpenAI's API reference](https://platform.openai.com/docs/api-reference/chat) for more details.
+Our Chat API is compatible with [OpenAI's Chat Completions API](https://platform.openai.com/docs/api-reference/chat);
+you can use the [official OpenAI Python client](https://github.com/openai/openai-python) to interact with it.
 
 We support both [Vision](https://platform.openai.com/docs/guides/vision)- and
 [Audio](https://platform.openai.com/docs/guides/audio?audio-generation-quickstart-example=audio-in)-related parameters;
 see our [Multimodal Inputs](../usage/multimodal_inputs.md) guide for more information.
 - *Note: `image_url.detail` parameter is not supported.*
 
+#### Code example
+
+See [examples/openai_chat_completion_client.py](https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm/blob/main/examples/openai_chat_completion_client.py).
+
 #### Extra parameters
 
 The following [sampling parameters (click through to see documentation)](../dev/sampling_params.md) are supported.
@@ -230,15 +242,20 @@ The following extra parameters are supported:
 (embeddings-api)=
 ### Embeddings API
 
-Refer to [OpenAI's API reference](https://platform.openai.com/docs/api-reference/embeddings) for more details.
+Our Embeddings API is compatible with [OpenAI's Embeddings API](https://platform.openai.com/docs/api-reference/embeddings);
+you can use the [official OpenAI Python client](https://github.com/openai/openai-python) to interact with it.
 
-If the model has a [chat template](#chat-template), you can replace `inputs` with a list of `messages` (same schema as [Chat Completions API](#chat-api))
+If the model has a [chat template](#chat-template), you can replace `inputs` with a list of `messages` (same schema as [Chat API](#chat-api))
 which will be treated as a single prompt to the model.
 
 ```{tip}
-This enables multi-modal inputs to be passed to embedding models, see [this page](../usage/multimodal_inputs.md) for details.
+This enables multi-modal inputs to be passed to embedding models, see [this page](#multimodal-inputs) for details.
 ```
 
+#### Code example
+
+See [examples/openai_embedding_client.py](https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm/blob/main/examples/openai_embedding_client.py).
+
 #### Extra parameters
 
 The following [pooling parameters (click through to see documentation)](../dev/pooling_params.md) are supported.
@@ -268,20 +285,35 @@ For chat-like input (i.e. if `messages` is passed), these extra parameters are s
 (tokenizer-api)=
 ### Tokenizer API
 
-The Tokenizer API is a simple wrapper over [HuggingFace-style tokenizers](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/en/main_classes/tokenizer).
+Our Tokenizer API is a simple wrapper over [HuggingFace-style tokenizers](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/en/main_classes/tokenizer).
 It consists of two endpoints:
 
 - `/tokenize` corresponds to calling `tokenizer.encode()`.
 - `/detokenize` corresponds to calling `tokenizer.decode()`.
 
+(pooling-api)=
+### Pooling API
+
+Our Pooling API encodes input prompts using a [pooling model](../models/pooling_models.md) and returns the corresponding hidden states.
+
+The input format is the same as [Embeddings API](#embeddings-api), but the output data can contain an arbitrary nested list, not just a 1-D list of floats.
+
+#### Code example
+
+See [examples/openai_pooling_client.py](https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm/blob/main/examples/openai_pooling_client.py).
+
 (score-api)=
 ### Score API
 
-The Score API applies a cross-encoder model to predict scores for sentence pairs.
+Our Score API applies a cross-encoder model to predict scores for sentence pairs.
 Usually, the score for a sentence pair refers to the similarity between two sentences, on a scale of 0 to 1.
 
 You can find the documentation for these kind of models at [sbert.net](https://www.sbert.net/docs/package_reference/cross_encoder/cross_encoder.html).
 
+#### Code example
+
+See [examples/openai_cross_encoder_score.py](https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm/blob/main/examples/openai_cross_encoder_score.py).
+
 #### Single inference
 
 You can pass a string to both `text_1` and `text_2`, forming a single sentence pair.

examples/openai_cross_encoder_score.py

@@ -20,9 +20,9 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
     parser.add_argument("--host", type=str, default="localhost")
     parser.add_argument("--port", type=int, default=8000)
     parser.add_argument("--model", type=str, default="BAAI/bge-reranker-v2-m3")
+
     args = parser.parse_args()
     api_url = f"http://{args.host}:{args.port}/score"
-
     model_name = args.model
 
     text_1 = "What is the capital of Brazil?"

examples/openai_pooling_client.py

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+"""
+Example online usage of Pooling API.
+
+Run `vllm serve <model> --task <embed|classify|reward|score>`
+to start up the server in vLLM.
+"""
+import argparse
+import pprint
+
+import requests
+
+
+def post_http_request(prompt: dict, api_url: str) -> requests.Response:
+    headers = {"User-Agent": "Test Client"}
+    response = requests.post(api_url, headers=headers, json=prompt)
+    return response
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
+    parser.add_argument("--host", type=str, default="localhost")
+    parser.add_argument("--port", type=int, default=8000)
+    parser.add_argument("--model",
+                        type=str,
+                        default="jason9693/Qwen2.5-1.5B-apeach")
+
+    args = parser.parse_args()
+    api_url = f"http://{args.host}:{args.port}/pooling"
+    model_name = args.model
+
+    # Input like Completions API
+    prompt = {"model": model_name, "input": "vLLM is great!"}
+    pooling_response = post_http_request(prompt=prompt, api_url=api_url)
+    print("Pooling Response:")
+    pprint.pprint(pooling_response.json())
+
+    # Input like Chat API
+    prompt = {
+        "model":
+        model_name,
+        "messages": [{
+            "role": "user",
+            "content": [{
+                "type": "text",
+                "text": "vLLM is great!"
+            }],
+        }]
+    }
+    pooling_response = post_http_request(prompt=prompt, api_url=api_url)
+    print("Pooling Response:")
+    pprint.pprint(pooling_response.json())

tests/entrypoints/openai/test_embedding.py

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import pytest
 import pytest_asyncio
 import requests
 
+from vllm.entrypoints.openai.protocol import EmbeddingResponse
 from vllm.transformers_utils.tokenizer import get_tokenizer
 
 from ...utils import RemoteOpenAIServer
@@ -17,6 +18,8 @@ DUMMY_CHAT_TEMPLATE = """{% for message in messages %}{{message['role'] + ': ' +
 @pytest.fixture(scope="module")
 def server():
     args = [
+        "--task",
+        "embed",
         # use half precision for speed and memory savings in CI environment
         "--dtype",
         "bfloat16",
@@ -45,11 +48,14 @@ async def test_single_embedding(client: openai.AsyncOpenAI, model_name: str):
     ]
 
     # test single embedding
-    embeddings = await client.embeddings.create(
+    embedding_response = await client.embeddings.create(
         model=model_name,
         input=input_texts,
         encoding_format="float",
     )
+    embeddings = EmbeddingResponse.model_validate(
+        embedding_response.model_dump(mode="json"))
+
     assert embeddings.id is not None
     assert len(embeddings.data) == 1
     assert len(embeddings.data[0].embedding) == 4096
@@ -59,11 +65,14 @@ async def test_single_embedding(client: openai.AsyncOpenAI, model_name: str):
 
     # test using token IDs
     input_tokens = [1, 1, 1, 1, 1]
-    embeddings = await client.embeddings.create(
+    embedding_response = await client.embeddings.create(
         model=model_name,
         input=input_tokens,
         encoding_format="float",
     )
+    embeddings = EmbeddingResponse.model_validate(
+        embedding_response.model_dump(mode="json"))
+
     assert embeddings.id is not None
     assert len(embeddings.data) == 1
     assert len(embeddings.data[0].embedding) == 4096
@@ -80,11 +89,14 @@ async def test_batch_embedding(client: openai.AsyncOpenAI, model_name: str):
         "The cat sat on the mat.", "A feline was resting on a rug.",
         "Stars twinkle brightly in the night sky."
     ]
-    embeddings = await client.embeddings.create(
+    embedding_response = await client.embeddings.create(
         model=model_name,
         input=input_texts,
         encoding_format="float",
     )
+    embeddings = EmbeddingResponse.model_validate(
+        embedding_response.model_dump(mode="json"))
+
     assert embeddings.id is not None
     assert len(embeddings.data) == 3
     assert len(embeddings.data[0].embedding) == 4096
@@ -95,11 +107,14 @@ async def test_batch_embedding(client: openai.AsyncOpenAI, model_name: str):
     # test List[List[int]]
     input_tokens = [[4, 5, 7, 9, 20], [15, 29, 499], [24, 24, 24, 24, 24],
                     [25, 32, 64, 77]]
-    embeddings = await client.embeddings.create(
+    embedding_response = await client.embeddings.create(
         model=model_name,
         input=input_tokens,
         encoding_format="float",
     )
+    embeddings = EmbeddingResponse.model_validate(
+        embedding_response.model_dump(mode="json"))
+
     assert embeddings.id is not None
     assert len(embeddings.data) == 4
     assert len(embeddings.data[0].embedding) == 4096
@@ -124,14 +139,16 @@ async def test_conversation_embedding(server: RemoteOpenAIServer,
         "content": "Stars twinkle brightly in the night sky.",
     }]
 
-    chat_response = requests.post(server.url_for("v1/embeddings"),
+    chat_response = requests.post(
-                                  json={
+        server.url_for("v1/embeddings"),
-                                      "model": model_name,
+        json={
-                                      "messages": messages,
+            "model": model_name,
-                                      "encoding_format": "float",
+            "messages": messages,
-                                  })
+            "encoding_format": "float",
+        },
+    )
     chat_response.raise_for_status()
-    chat_embeddings = chat_response.json()
+    chat_embeddings = EmbeddingResponse.model_validate(chat_response.json())
 
     tokenizer = get_tokenizer(tokenizer_name=model_name, tokenizer_mode="fast")
     prompt = tokenizer.apply_chat_template(
@@ -148,13 +165,15 @@ async def test_conversation_embedding(server: RemoteOpenAIServer,
         # To be consistent with chat
         extra_body={"add_special_tokens": False},
     )
-    completion_embeddings = completion_response.model_dump(mode="json")
+    completion_embeddings = EmbeddingResponse.model_validate(
+        completion_response.model_dump(mode="json"))
 
-    assert chat_embeddings.pop("id") is not None
+    assert chat_embeddings.id is not None
-    assert completion_embeddings.pop("id") is not None
+    assert completion_embeddings.id is not None
-    assert chat_embeddings.pop("created") <= completion_embeddings.pop(
+    assert chat_embeddings.created <= completion_embeddings.created
-        "created")
+    assert chat_embeddings.model_dump(
-    assert chat_embeddings == completion_embeddings
+        exclude={"id", "created"}) == (completion_embeddings.model_dump(
+            exclude={"id", "created"}))
 
 
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
@@ -204,10 +223,13 @@ async def test_single_embedding_truncation(client: openai.AsyncOpenAI,
     ]
 
     # test single embedding
-    embeddings = await client.embeddings.create(
+    embedding_response = await client.embeddings.create(
         model=model_name,
         input=input_texts,
         extra_body={"truncate_prompt_tokens": 10})
+    embeddings = EmbeddingResponse.model_validate(
+        embedding_response.model_dump(mode="json"))
+
     assert embeddings.id is not None
     assert len(embeddings.data) == 1
     assert len(embeddings.data[0].embedding) == 4096
@@ -219,10 +241,12 @@ async def test_single_embedding_truncation(client: openai.AsyncOpenAI,
         1, 24428, 289, 18341, 26165, 285, 19323, 283, 289, 26789, 3871, 28728,
         9901, 340, 2229, 385, 340, 315, 28741, 28804, 2
     ]
-    embeddings = await client.embeddings.create(
+    embedding_response = await client.embeddings.create(
         model=model_name,
         input=input_tokens,
         extra_body={"truncate_prompt_tokens": 10})
+    embeddings = EmbeddingResponse.model_validate(
+        embedding_response.model_dump(mode="json"))
 
     assert embeddings.id is not None
     assert len(embeddings.data) == 1
@@ -241,10 +265,10 @@ async def test_single_embedding_truncation_invalid(client: openai.AsyncOpenAI,
     ]
 
     with pytest.raises(openai.BadRequestError):
-        embeddings = await client.embeddings.create(
+        response = await client.embeddings.create(
             model=model_name,
             input=input_texts,
             extra_body={"truncate_prompt_tokens": 8193})
-        assert "error" in embeddings.object
+        assert "error" in response.object
         assert "truncate_prompt_tokens value is greater than max_model_len. "\
-               "Please, select a smaller truncation size." in embeddings.message
+               "Please, select a smaller truncation size." in response.message

tests/entrypoints/openai/test_pooling.py

@@ -0,0 +1,238 @@
+import base64
+
+import numpy as np
+import pytest
+import requests
+
+from vllm.entrypoints.openai.protocol import PoolingResponse
+from vllm.transformers_utils.tokenizer import get_tokenizer
+
+from ...utils import RemoteOpenAIServer
+
+MODEL_NAME = "jason9693/Qwen2.5-1.5B-apeach"
+DUMMY_CHAT_TEMPLATE = """{% for message in messages %}{{message['role'] + ': ' + message['content'] + '\\n'}}{% endfor %}"""  # noqa: E501
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(scope="module")
+def server():
+    args = [
+        "--task",
+        "classify",
+        # use half precision for speed and memory savings in CI environment
+        "--dtype",
+        "bfloat16",
+        "--enforce-eager",
+        "--max-model-len",
+        "8192",
+        "--chat-template",
+        DUMMY_CHAT_TEMPLATE,
+    ]
+
+    with RemoteOpenAIServer(MODEL_NAME, args) as remote_server:
+        yield remote_server
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("model_name", [MODEL_NAME])
+async def test_single_pooling(server: RemoteOpenAIServer, model_name: str):
+    input_texts = [
+        "The chef prepared a delicious meal.",
+    ]
+
+    # test single pooling
+    response = requests.post(
+        server.url_for("pooling"),
+        json={
+            "model": model_name,
+            "input": input_texts,
+            "encoding_format": "float"
+        },
+    )
+    response.raise_for_status()
+    poolings = PoolingResponse.model_validate(response.json())
+
+    assert poolings.id is not None
+    assert len(poolings.data) == 1
+    assert len(poolings.data[0].data) == 2
+    assert poolings.usage.completion_tokens == 0
+    assert poolings.usage.prompt_tokens == 7
+    assert poolings.usage.total_tokens == 7
+
+    # test using token IDs
+    input_tokens = [1, 1, 1, 1, 1]
+    response = requests.post(
+        server.url_for("pooling"),
+        json={
+            "model": model_name,
+            "input": input_tokens,
+            "encoding_format": "float"
+        },
+    )
+    response.raise_for_status()
+    poolings = PoolingResponse.model_validate(response.json())
+
+    assert poolings.id is not None
+    assert len(poolings.data) == 1
+    assert len(poolings.data[0].data) == 2
+    assert poolings.usage.completion_tokens == 0
+    assert poolings.usage.prompt_tokens == 5
+    assert poolings.usage.total_tokens == 5
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("model_name", [MODEL_NAME])
+async def test_batch_pooling(server: RemoteOpenAIServer, model_name: str):
+    # test List[str]
+    input_texts = [
+        "The cat sat on the mat.", "A feline was resting on a rug.",
+        "Stars twinkle brightly in the night sky."
+    ]
+    response = requests.post(
+        server.url_for("pooling"),
+        json={
+            "model": model_name,
+            "input": input_texts,
+            "encoding_format": "float"
+        },
+    )
+    response.raise_for_status()
+    poolings = PoolingResponse.model_validate(response.json())
+
+    assert poolings.id is not None
+    assert len(poolings.data) == 3
+    assert len(poolings.data[0].data) == 2
+    assert poolings.usage.completion_tokens == 0
+    assert poolings.usage.prompt_tokens == 25
+    assert poolings.usage.total_tokens == 25
+
+    # test List[List[int]]
+    input_tokens = [[4, 5, 7, 9, 20], [15, 29, 499], [24, 24, 24, 24, 24],
+                    [25, 32, 64, 77]]
+    response = requests.post(
+        server.url_for("pooling"),
+        json={
+            "model": model_name,
+            "input": input_tokens,
+            "encoding_format": "float"
+        },
+    )
+    response.raise_for_status()
+    poolings = PoolingResponse.model_validate(response.json())
+
+    assert poolings.id is not None
+    assert len(poolings.data) == 4
+    assert len(poolings.data[0].data) == 2
+    assert poolings.usage.completion_tokens == 0
+    assert poolings.usage.prompt_tokens == 17
+    assert poolings.usage.total_tokens == 17
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("model_name", [MODEL_NAME])
+async def test_conversation_pooling(server: RemoteOpenAIServer,
+                                    model_name: str):
+    messages = [{
+        "role": "user",
+        "content": "The cat sat on the mat.",
+    }, {
+        "role": "assistant",
+        "content": "A feline was resting on a rug.",
+    }, {
+        "role": "user",
+        "content": "Stars twinkle brightly in the night sky.",
+    }]
+
+    chat_response = requests.post(
+        server.url_for("pooling"),
+        json={
+            "model": model_name,
+            "messages": messages,
+            "encoding_format": "float",
+        },
+    )
+    chat_response.raise_for_status()
+    chat_poolings = PoolingResponse.model_validate(chat_response.json())
+
+    tokenizer = get_tokenizer(tokenizer_name=model_name, tokenizer_mode="fast")
+    prompt = tokenizer.apply_chat_template(
+        messages,
+        chat_template=DUMMY_CHAT_TEMPLATE,
+        add_generation_prompt=True,
+        continue_final_message=False,
+        tokenize=False,
+    )
+    completions_response = requests.post(
+        server.url_for("pooling"),
+        json={
+            "model": model_name,
+            "input": prompt,
+            "encoding_format": "float",
+            # To be consistent with chat
+            "add_special_tokens": False,
+        },
+    )
+    completions_response.raise_for_status()
+    completion_poolings = PoolingResponse.model_validate(
+        completions_response.json())
+
+    assert chat_poolings.id is not None
+    assert completion_poolings.id is not None
+    assert chat_poolings.created <= completion_poolings.created
+    assert chat_poolings.model_dump(
+        exclude={"id", "created"}) == (completion_poolings.model_dump(
+            exclude={"id", "created"}))
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("model_name", [MODEL_NAME])
+async def test_batch_base64_pooling(server: RemoteOpenAIServer,
+                                    model_name: str):
+    input_texts = [
+        "Hello my name is",
+        "The best thing about vLLM is that it supports many different models"
+    ]
+
+    float_response = requests.post(
+        server.url_for("pooling"),
+        json={
+            "input": input_texts,
+            "model": model_name,
+            "encoding_format": "float",
+        },
+    )
+    float_response.raise_for_status()
+    responses_float = PoolingResponse.model_validate(float_response.json())
+
+    base64_response = requests.post(
+        server.url_for("pooling"),
+        json={
+            "input": input_texts,
+            "model": model_name,
+            "encoding_format": "base64",
+        },
+    )
+    base64_response.raise_for_status()
+    responses_base64 = PoolingResponse.model_validate(base64_response.json())
+
+    decoded_responses_base64_data = []
+    for data in responses_base64.data:
+        decoded_responses_base64_data.append(
+            np.frombuffer(base64.b64decode(data.data),
+                          dtype="float32").tolist())
+
+    assert responses_float.data[0].data == decoded_responses_base64_data[0]
+    assert responses_float.data[1].data == decoded_responses_base64_data[1]
+
+    # Default response is float32 decoded from base64 by OpenAI Client
+    default_response = requests.post(
+        server.url_for("pooling"),
+        json={
+            "input": input_texts,
+            "model": model_name,
+        },
+    )
+    default_response.raise_for_status()
+    responses_default = PoolingResponse.model_validate(default_response.json())
+
+    assert responses_float.data[0].data == responses_default.data[0].data
+    assert responses_float.data[1].data == responses_default.data[1].data

tests/entrypoints/openai/test_vision_embedding.py

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 from typing import Dict
 
 import pytest
-import pytest_asyncio
 import requests
 
+from vllm.entrypoints.openai.protocol import EmbeddingResponse
 from vllm.multimodal.utils import encode_image_base64, fetch_image
 
 from ...utils import VLLM_PATH, RemoteOpenAIServer
@@ -46,12 +46,6 @@ def server():
         yield remote_server
 
 
-@pytest_asyncio.fixture
-async def client(server):
-    async with server.get_async_client() as async_client:
-        yield async_client
-
-
 @pytest.fixture(scope="session")
 def base64_encoded_image() -> Dict[str, str]:
     return {
@@ -82,18 +76,20 @@ async def test_image_embedding(server: RemoteOpenAIServer, model_name: str,
         ],
     }]
 
-    response = requests.post(server.url_for("v1/embeddings"),
+    response = requests.post(
-                             json={
+        server.url_for("v1/embeddings"),
-                                 "model": model_name,
+        json={
-                                 "messages": messages,
+            "model": model_name,
-                                 "encoding_format": "float"
+            "messages": messages,
-                             })
+            "encoding_format": "float"
+        },
+    )
     response.raise_for_status()
+    embeddings = EmbeddingResponse.model_validate(response.json())
 
-    embeddings = response.json()
+    assert embeddings.id is not None
-    assert embeddings["id"] is not None
+    assert len(embeddings.data) == 1
-    assert len(embeddings["data"]) == 1
+    assert len(embeddings.data[0].embedding) == 3072
-    assert len(embeddings["data"][0]["embedding"]) == 3072
+    assert embeddings.usage.completion_tokens == 0
-    assert embeddings["usage"]["completion_tokens"] == 0
+    assert embeddings.usage.prompt_tokens == 765
-    assert embeddings["usage"]["prompt_tokens"] == 765
+    assert embeddings.usage.total_tokens == 765
-    assert embeddings["usage"]["total_tokens"] == 765

vllm/entrypoints/openai/api_server.py

@@ -45,8 +45,11 @@ from vllm.entrypoints.openai.protocol import (ChatCompletionRequest,
                                               DetokenizeRequest,
                                               DetokenizeResponse,
                                               EmbeddingRequest,
-                                              EmbeddingResponse, ErrorResponse,
+                                              EmbeddingResponse,
+                                              EmbeddingResponseData,
+                                              ErrorResponse,
                                               LoadLoraAdapterRequest,
+                                              PoolingRequest, PoolingResponse,
                                               ScoreRequest, ScoreResponse,
                                               TokenizeRequest,
                                               TokenizeResponse,
@@ -56,6 +59,7 @@ from vllm.entrypoints.openai.serving_chat import OpenAIServingChat
 from vllm.entrypoints.openai.serving_completion import OpenAIServingCompletion
 from vllm.entrypoints.openai.serving_embedding import OpenAIServingEmbedding
 from vllm.entrypoints.openai.serving_engine import BaseModelPath, OpenAIServing
+from vllm.entrypoints.openai.serving_pooling import OpenAIServingPooling
 from vllm.entrypoints.openai.serving_score import OpenAIServingScores
 from vllm.entrypoints.openai.serving_tokenization import (
     OpenAIServingTokenization)
@@ -284,6 +288,10 @@ def completion(request: Request) -> Optional[OpenAIServingCompletion]:
     return request.app.state.openai_serving_completion
 
 
+def pooling(request: Request) -> Optional[OpenAIServingPooling]:
+    return request.app.state.openai_serving_pooling
+
+
 def embedding(request: Request) -> Optional[OpenAIServingEmbedding]:
     return request.app.state.openai_serving_embedding
 
@@ -395,10 +403,36 @@ async def create_completion(request: CompletionRequest, raw_request: Request):
 async def create_embedding(request: EmbeddingRequest, raw_request: Request):
     handler = embedding(raw_request)
     if handler is None:
-        return base(raw_request).create_error_response(
+        fallback_handler = pooling(raw_request)
-            message="The model does not support Embeddings API")
+        if fallback_handler is None:
+            return base(raw_request).create_error_response(
+                message="The model does not support Embeddings API")
+
+        logger.warning(
+            "Embeddings API will become exclusive to embedding models "
+            "in a future release. To return the hidden states directly, "
+            "use the Pooling API (`/pooling`) instead.")
+
+        res = await fallback_handler.create_pooling(request, raw_request)
+        if isinstance(res, PoolingResponse):
+            generator = EmbeddingResponse(
+                id=res.id,
+                object=res.object,
+                created=res.created,
+                model=res.model,
+                data=[
+                    EmbeddingResponseData(
+                        index=d.index,
+                        embedding=d.data,  # type: ignore
+                    ) for d in res.data
+                ],
+                usage=res.usage,
+            )
+        else:
+            generator = res
+    else:
+        generator = await handler.create_embedding(request, raw_request)
 
-    generator = await handler.create_embedding(request, raw_request)
     if isinstance(generator, ErrorResponse):
         return JSONResponse(content=generator.model_dump(),
                             status_code=generator.code)
@@ -408,6 +442,24 @@ async def create_embedding(request: EmbeddingRequest, raw_request: Request):
     assert_never(generator)
 
 
+@router.post("/pooling")
+@with_cancellation
+async def create_pooling(request: PoolingRequest, raw_request: Request):
+    handler = pooling(raw_request)
+    if handler is None:
+        return base(raw_request).create_error_response(
+            message="The model does not support Pooling API")
+
+    generator = await handler.create_pooling(request, raw_request)
+    if isinstance(generator, ErrorResponse):
+        return JSONResponse(content=generator.model_dump(),
+                            status_code=generator.code)
+    elif isinstance(generator, PoolingResponse):
+        return JSONResponse(content=generator.model_dump())
+
+    assert_never(generator)
+
+
 @router.post("/score")
 @with_cancellation
 async def create_score(request: ScoreRequest, raw_request: Request):
@@ -605,7 +657,7 @@ def init_app_state(
         request_logger=request_logger,
         return_tokens_as_token_ids=args.return_tokens_as_token_ids,
     ) if model_config.runner_type == "generate" else None
-    state.openai_serving_embedding = OpenAIServingEmbedding(
+    state.openai_serving_pooling = OpenAIServingPooling(
         engine_client,
         model_config,
         base_model_paths,
@@ -613,13 +665,20 @@ def init_app_state(
         chat_template=resolved_chat_template,
         chat_template_content_format=args.chat_template_content_format,
     ) if model_config.runner_type == "pooling" else None
+    state.openai_serving_embedding = OpenAIServingEmbedding(
+        engine_client,
+        model_config,
+        base_model_paths,
+        request_logger=request_logger,
+        chat_template=resolved_chat_template,
+        chat_template_content_format=args.chat_template_content_format,
+    ) if model_config.task == "embed" else None
     state.openai_serving_scores = OpenAIServingScores(
         engine_client,
         model_config,
         base_model_paths,
         request_logger=request_logger
-    ) if (model_config.runner_type == "pooling" \
+    ) if model_config.task == "score" else None
-          and model_config.is_cross_encoder) else None
     state.openai_serving_tokenization = OpenAIServingTokenization(
         engine_client,
         model_config,

vllm/entrypoints/openai/protocol.py

@@ -963,6 +963,10 @@ class EmbeddingChatRequest(OpenAIBaseModel):
 
 EmbeddingRequest = Union[EmbeddingCompletionRequest, EmbeddingChatRequest]
 
+PoolingCompletionRequest = EmbeddingCompletionRequest
+PoolingChatRequest = EmbeddingChatRequest
+PoolingRequest = Union[PoolingCompletionRequest, PoolingChatRequest]
+
 
 class ScoreRequest(OpenAIBaseModel):
     model: str
@@ -1058,6 +1062,21 @@ class EmbeddingResponse(OpenAIBaseModel):
     usage: UsageInfo
 
 
+class PoolingResponseData(OpenAIBaseModel):
+    index: int
+    object: str = "pooling"
+    data: Union[List[List[float]], List[float], str]
+
+
+class PoolingResponse(OpenAIBaseModel):
+    id: str = Field(default_factory=lambda: f"pool-{random_uuid()}")
+    object: str = "list"
+    created: int = Field(default_factory=lambda: int(time.time()))
+    model: str
+    data: List[PoolingResponseData]
+    usage: UsageInfo
+
+
 class ScoreResponseData(OpenAIBaseModel):
     index: int
     object: str = "score"

vllm/entrypoints/openai/run_batch.py

@@ -232,7 +232,7 @@ async def main(args):
         request_logger=request_logger,
         chat_template=None,
         chat_template_content_format="auto",
-    ) if model_config.runner_type == "pooling" else None
+    ) if model_config.task == "embed" else None
 
     tracker = BatchProgressTracker()
     logger.info("Reading batch from %s...", args.input_file)

vllm/entrypoints/openai/serving_embedding.py

@@ -40,36 +40,6 @@ def _get_embedding(
     assert_never(encoding_format)
 
 
-def request_output_to_embedding_response(
-        final_res_batch: List[PoolingRequestOutput], request_id: str,
-        created_time: int, model_name: str,
-        encoding_format: Literal["float", "base64"]) -> EmbeddingResponse:
-    data: List[EmbeddingResponseData] = []
-    num_prompt_tokens = 0
-    for idx, final_res in enumerate(final_res_batch):
-        embedding_res = EmbeddingRequestOutput.from_base(final_res)
-        prompt_token_ids = final_res.prompt_token_ids
-
-        embedding = _get_embedding(embedding_res.outputs, encoding_format)
-        embedding_data = EmbeddingResponseData(index=idx, embedding=embedding)
-        data.append(embedding_data)
-
-        num_prompt_tokens += len(prompt_token_ids)
-
-    usage = UsageInfo(
-        prompt_tokens=num_prompt_tokens,
-        total_tokens=num_prompt_tokens,
-    )
-
-    return EmbeddingResponse(
-        id=request_id,
-        created=created_time,
-        model=model_name,
-        data=data,
-        usage=usage,
-    )
-
-
 class OpenAIServingEmbedding(OpenAIServing):
 
     def __init__(
@@ -114,7 +84,7 @@ class OpenAIServingEmbedding(OpenAIServing):
 
         model_name = request.model
         request_id = f"embd-{self._base_request_id(raw_request)}"
-        created_time = int(time.monotonic())
+        created_time = int(time.time())
 
         truncate_prompt_tokens = None
 
@@ -218,9 +188,13 @@ class OpenAIServingEmbedding(OpenAIServing):
             final_res_batch_checked = cast(List[PoolingRequestOutput],
                                            final_res_batch)
 
-            response = request_output_to_embedding_response(
+            response = self.request_output_to_embedding_response(
-                final_res_batch_checked, request_id, created_time, model_name,
+                final_res_batch_checked,
-                encoding_format)
+                request_id,
+                created_time,
+                model_name,
+                encoding_format,
+            )
         except asyncio.CancelledError:
             return self.create_error_response("Client disconnected")
         except ValueError as e:
@@ -228,3 +202,40 @@ class OpenAIServingEmbedding(OpenAIServing):
             return self.create_error_response(str(e))
 
         return response
+
+    def request_output_to_embedding_response(
+        self,
+        final_res_batch: List[PoolingRequestOutput],
+        request_id: str,
+        created_time: int,
+        model_name: str,
+        encoding_format: Literal["float", "base64"],
+    ) -> EmbeddingResponse:
+        items: List[EmbeddingResponseData] = []
+        num_prompt_tokens = 0
+
+        for idx, final_res in enumerate(final_res_batch):
+            embedding_res = EmbeddingRequestOutput.from_base(final_res)
+
+            item = EmbeddingResponseData(
+                index=idx,
+                embedding=_get_embedding(embedding_res.outputs,
+                                         encoding_format),
+            )
+            prompt_token_ids = final_res.prompt_token_ids
+
+            items.append(item)
+            num_prompt_tokens += len(prompt_token_ids)
+
+        usage = UsageInfo(
+            prompt_tokens=num_prompt_tokens,
+            total_tokens=num_prompt_tokens,
+        )
+
+        return EmbeddingResponse(
+            id=request_id,
+            created=created_time,
+            model=model_name,
+            data=items,
+            usage=usage,
+        )

vllm/entrypoints/openai/serving_pooling.py

@@ -0,0 +1,234 @@
+import asyncio
+import base64
+import time
+from typing import AsyncGenerator, Final, List, Literal, Optional, Union, cast
+
+import numpy as np
+from fastapi import Request
+from typing_extensions import assert_never
+
+from vllm.config import ModelConfig
+from vllm.engine.protocol import EngineClient
+from vllm.entrypoints.chat_utils import ChatTemplateContentFormatOption
+from vllm.entrypoints.logger import RequestLogger
+from vllm.entrypoints.openai.protocol import (ErrorResponse,
+                                              PoolingChatRequest,
+                                              PoolingRequest, PoolingResponse,
+                                              PoolingResponseData, UsageInfo)
+from vllm.entrypoints.openai.serving_engine import BaseModelPath, OpenAIServing
+from vllm.logger import init_logger
+from vllm.outputs import PoolingOutput, PoolingRequestOutput
+from vllm.utils import merge_async_iterators
+
+logger = init_logger(__name__)
+
+
+def _get_data(
+    output: PoolingOutput,
+    encoding_format: Literal["float", "base64"],
+) -> Union[List[float], str]:
+    if encoding_format == "float":
+        return output.data.tolist()
+    elif encoding_format == "base64":
+        # Force to use float32 for base64 encoding
+        # to match the OpenAI python client behavior
+        pooling_bytes = np.array(output.data, dtype="float32").tobytes()
+        return base64.b64encode(pooling_bytes).decode("utf-8")
+
+    assert_never(encoding_format)
+
+
+class OpenAIServingPooling(OpenAIServing):
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        engine_client: EngineClient,
+        model_config: ModelConfig,
+        base_model_paths: List[BaseModelPath],
+        *,
+        request_logger: Optional[RequestLogger],
+        chat_template: Optional[str],
+        chat_template_content_format: ChatTemplateContentFormatOption,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(engine_client=engine_client,
+                         model_config=model_config,
+                         base_model_paths=base_model_paths,
+                         lora_modules=None,
+                         prompt_adapters=None,
+                         request_logger=request_logger)
+
+        self.chat_template = chat_template
+        self.chat_template_content_format: Final = chat_template_content_format
+
+    async def create_pooling(
+        self,
+        request: PoolingRequest,
+        raw_request: Optional[Request] = None,
+    ) -> Union[PoolingResponse, ErrorResponse]:
+        """
+        See https://platform.openai.com/docs/api-reference/embeddings/create
+        for the API specification. This API mimics the OpenAI Embedding API.
+        """
+        error_check_ret = await self._check_model(request)
+        if error_check_ret is not None:
+            return error_check_ret
+
+        encoding_format = request.encoding_format
+        if request.dimensions is not None:
+            return self.create_error_response(
+                "dimensions is currently not supported")
+
+        model_name = request.model
+        request_id = f"pool-{self._base_request_id(raw_request)}"
+        created_time = int(time.time())
+
+        truncate_prompt_tokens = None
+
+        if request.truncate_prompt_tokens is not None:
+            if request.truncate_prompt_tokens <= self.max_model_len:
+                truncate_prompt_tokens = request.truncate_prompt_tokens
+            else:
+                return self.create_error_response(
+                    "truncate_prompt_tokens value is "
+                    "greater than max_model_len."
+                    " Please, select a smaller truncation size.")
+
+        try:
+            (
+                lora_request,
+                prompt_adapter_request,
+            ) = self._maybe_get_adapters(request)
+
+            tokenizer = await self.engine_client.get_tokenizer(lora_request)
+
+            if prompt_adapter_request is not None:
+                raise NotImplementedError("Prompt adapter is not supported "
+                                          "for pooling models")
+
+            if isinstance(request, PoolingChatRequest):
+                (
+                    _,
+                    request_prompts,
+                    engine_prompts,
+                ) = await self._preprocess_chat(
+                    request,
+                    tokenizer,
+                    request.messages,
+                    chat_template=request.chat_template or self.chat_template,
+                    chat_template_content_format=self.
+                    chat_template_content_format,
+                    # In pooling requests, we are not generating tokens,
+                    # so there is no need to append extra tokens to the input
+                    add_generation_prompt=False,
+                    continue_final_message=False,
+                    truncate_prompt_tokens=truncate_prompt_tokens,
+                    add_special_tokens=request.add_special_tokens,
+                )
+            else:
+                (request_prompts,
+                 engine_prompts) = await self._preprocess_completion(
+                     request,
+                     tokenizer,
+                     request.input,
+                     truncate_prompt_tokens=truncate_prompt_tokens,
+                     add_special_tokens=request.add_special_tokens,
+                 )
+        except ValueError as e:
+            logger.exception("Error in preprocessing prompt inputs")
+            return self.create_error_response(str(e))
+
+        # Schedule the request and get the result generator.
+        generators: List[AsyncGenerator[PoolingRequestOutput, None]] = []
+        try:
+            pooling_params = request.to_pooling_params()
+
+            for i, engine_prompt in enumerate(engine_prompts):
+                request_id_item = f"{request_id}-{i}"
+
+                self._log_inputs(request_id_item,
+                                 request_prompts[i],
+                                 params=pooling_params,
+                                 lora_request=lora_request,
+                                 prompt_adapter_request=prompt_adapter_request)
+
+                trace_headers = (None if raw_request is None else await
+                                 self._get_trace_headers(raw_request.headers))
+
+                generator = self.engine_client.encode(
+                    engine_prompt,
+                    pooling_params,
+                    request_id_item,
+                    lora_request=lora_request,
+                    trace_headers=trace_headers,
+                    priority=request.priority,
+                )
+
+                generators.append(generator)
+        except ValueError as e:
+            # TODO: Use a vllm-specific Validation Error
+            return self.create_error_response(str(e))
+
+        result_generator = merge_async_iterators(*generators)
+
+        num_prompts = len(engine_prompts)
+
+        # Non-streaming response
+        final_res_batch: List[Optional[PoolingRequestOutput]]
+        final_res_batch = [None] * num_prompts
+        try:
+            async for i, res in result_generator:
+                final_res_batch[i] = res
+
+            assert all(final_res is not None for final_res in final_res_batch)
+
+            final_res_batch_checked = cast(List[PoolingRequestOutput],
+                                           final_res_batch)
+
+            response = self.request_output_to_pooling_response(
+                final_res_batch_checked,
+                request_id,
+                created_time,
+                model_name,
+                encoding_format,
+            )
+        except asyncio.CancelledError:
+            return self.create_error_response("Client disconnected")
+        except ValueError as e:
+            # TODO: Use a vllm-specific Validation Error
+            return self.create_error_response(str(e))
+
+        return response
+
+    def request_output_to_pooling_response(
+        self,
+        final_res_batch: List[PoolingRequestOutput],
+        request_id: str,
+        created_time: int,
+        model_name: str,
+        encoding_format: Literal["float", "base64"],
+    ) -> PoolingResponse:
+        items: List[PoolingResponseData] = []
+        num_prompt_tokens = 0
+
+        for idx, final_res in enumerate(final_res_batch):
+            item = PoolingResponseData(
+                index=idx,
+                data=_get_data(final_res.outputs, encoding_format),
+            )
+            prompt_token_ids = final_res.prompt_token_ids
+
+            items.append(item)
+            num_prompt_tokens += len(prompt_token_ids)
+
+        usage = UsageInfo(
+            prompt_tokens=num_prompt_tokens,
+            total_tokens=num_prompt_tokens,
+        )
+
+        return PoolingResponse(
+            id=request_id,
+            created=created_time,
+            model=model_name,
+            data=items,
+            usage=usage,
+        )

vllm/entrypoints/openai/serving_score.py

@@ -20,32 +20,6 @@ from vllm.utils import make_async, merge_async_iterators
 logger = init_logger(__name__)
 
 
-def request_output_to_score_response(
-        final_res_batch: List[PoolingRequestOutput], request_id: str,
-        created_time: int, model_name: str) -> ScoreResponse:
-    data: List[ScoreResponseData] = []
-    num_prompt_tokens = 0
-    for idx, final_res in enumerate(final_res_batch):
-        classify_res = ScoringRequestOutput.from_base(final_res)
-
-        score_data = ScoreResponseData(index=idx,
-                                       score=classify_res.outputs.score)
-        data.append(score_data)
-
-    usage = UsageInfo(
-        prompt_tokens=num_prompt_tokens,
-        total_tokens=num_prompt_tokens,
-    )
-
-    return ScoreResponse(
-        id=request_id,
-        created=created_time,
-        model=model_name,
-        data=data,
-        usage=usage,
-    )
-
-
 def make_pairs(text_1: Union[List[str], str], text_2: Union[List[str],
                                                             str]) -> List:
     if isinstance(text_1, (str, dict)):
@@ -103,7 +77,7 @@ class OpenAIServingScores(OpenAIServing):
 
         model_name = request.model
         request_id = f"score-{self._base_request_id(raw_request)}"
-        created_time = int(time.monotonic())
+        created_time = int(time.time())
         truncate_prompt_tokens = request.truncate_prompt_tokens
 
         request_prompts = []
@@ -203,8 +177,12 @@ class OpenAIServingScores(OpenAIServing):
             final_res_batch_checked = cast(List[PoolingRequestOutput],
                                            final_res_batch)
 
-            response = request_output_to_score_response(
+            response = self.request_output_to_score_response(
-                final_res_batch_checked, request_id, created_time, model_name)
+                final_res_batch_checked,
+                request_id,
+                created_time,
+                model_name,
+            )
         except asyncio.CancelledError:
             return self.create_error_response("Client disconnected")
         except ValueError as e:
@@ -212,3 +190,38 @@ class OpenAIServingScores(OpenAIServing):
             return self.create_error_response(str(e))
 
         return response
+
+    def request_output_to_score_response(
+        self,
+        final_res_batch: List[PoolingRequestOutput],
+        request_id: str,
+        created_time: int,
+        model_name: str,
+    ) -> ScoreResponse:
+        items: List[ScoreResponseData] = []
+        num_prompt_tokens = 0
+
+        for idx, final_res in enumerate(final_res_batch):
+            classify_res = ScoringRequestOutput.from_base(final_res)
+
+            item = ScoreResponseData(
+                index=idx,
+                score=classify_res.outputs.score,
+            )
+            prompt_token_ids = final_res.prompt_token_ids
+
+            items.append(item)
+            num_prompt_tokens += len(prompt_token_ids)
+
+        usage = UsageInfo(
+            prompt_tokens=num_prompt_tokens,
+            total_tokens=num_prompt_tokens,
+        )
+
+        return ScoreResponse(
+            id=request_id,
+            created=created_time,
+            model=model_name,
+            data=items,
+            usage=usage,
+        )

vllm/outputs.py

@@ -355,7 +355,8 @@ class PoolingRequestOutput(Generic[_O]):
         pooled_data = seq_group.pooled_data
         assert pooled_data is not None
 
-        output = PoolingOutput(pooled_data)
+        data = pooled_data.to(dtype=torch.float32, device="cpu")
+        output = PoolingOutput(data)
         prompt_token_ids = seq_group.prompt_token_ids
         finished = seq_group.is_finished()