vllm/docs/source/getting_started/installation/tpu.md

(installation-tpu)=

# Installation for TPUs

Tensor Processing Units (TPUs) are Google's custom-developed application-specific
integrated circuits (ASICs) used to accelerate machine learning workloads. TPUs
are available in different versions each with different hardware specifications.
For more information about TPUs, see [TPU System Architecture](https://cloud.google.com/tpu/docs/system-architecture-tpu-vm).
For more information on the TPU versions supported with vLLM, see:

- [TPU v6e](https://cloud.google.com/tpu/docs/v6e)
- [TPU v5e](https://cloud.google.com/tpu/docs/v5e)
- [TPU v5p](https://cloud.google.com/tpu/docs/v5p)
- [TPU v4](https://cloud.google.com/tpu/docs/v4)

These TPU versions allow you to configure the physical arrangements of the TPU
chips. This can improve throughput and networking performance. For more
information see:

- [TPU v6e topologies](https://cloud.google.com/tpu/docs/v6e#configurations)
- [TPU v5e topologies](https://cloud.google.com/tpu/docs/v5e#tpu-v5e-config)
- [TPU v5p topologies](https://cloud.google.com/tpu/docs/v5p#tpu-v5p-config)
- [TPU v4 topologies](https://cloud.google.com/tpu/docs/v4#tpu-v4-config)

In order for you to use Cloud TPUs you need to have TPU quota granted to your
Google Cloud Platform project. TPU quotas specify how many TPUs you can use in a
GPC project and are specified in terms of TPU version, the number of TPU you
want to use, and quota type. For more information, see [TPU quota](https://cloud.google.com/tpu/docs/quota#tpu_quota).

For TPU pricing information, see [Cloud TPU pricing](https://cloud.google.com/tpu/pricing).

You may need additional persistent storage for your TPU VMs. For more
information, see [Storage options for Cloud TPU data](https://cloud.devsite.corp.google.com/tpu/docs/storage-options).

## Requirements

- Google Cloud TPU VM
- TPU versions: v6e, v5e, v5p, v4
- Python: 3.10 or newer

### Provision Cloud TPUs

You can provision Cloud TPUs using the [Cloud TPU API](https://cloud.google.com/tpu/docs/reference/rest)
or the [queued resources](https://cloud.google.com/tpu/docs/queued-resources)
API. This section shows how to create TPUs using the queued resource API. For
more information about using the Cloud TPU API, see [Create a Cloud TPU using the Create Node API](https://cloud.google.com/tpu/docs/managing-tpus-tpu-vm#create-node-api).
Queued resources enable you to request Cloud TPU resources in a queued manner.
When you request queued resources, the request is added to a queue maintained by
the Cloud TPU service. When the requested resource becomes available, it's
assigned to your Google Cloud project for your immediate exclusive use.

```{note}
In all of the following commands, replace the ALL CAPS parameter names with
appropriate values. See the parameter descriptions table for more information.
```

## Provision a Cloud TPU with the queued resource API

Create a TPU v5e with 4 TPU chips:

```console
gcloud alpha compute tpus queued-resources create QUEUED_RESOURCE_ID \
--node-id TPU_NAME \
--project PROJECT_ID \
--zone ZONE \
--accelerator-type ACCELERATOR_TYPE \
--runtime-version RUNTIME_VERSION \
--service-account SERVICE_ACCOUNT
```

```{list-table} Parameter descriptions
:header-rows: 1

* - Parameter name
  - Description
* - QUEUED_RESOURCE_ID
  - The user-assigned ID of the queued resource request.
* - TPU_NAME
  - The user-assigned name of the TPU which is created when the queued
    resource request is allocated.
* - PROJECT_ID
  - Your Google Cloud project
* - ZONE
  - The GCP zone where you want to create your Cloud TPU. The value you use
    depends on the version of TPUs you are using. For more information, see
    `TPU regions and zones <https://cloud.google.com/tpu/docs/regions-zones>`_
* - ACCELERATOR_TYPE
  - The TPU version you want to use. Specify the TPU version, for example
    `v5litepod-4` specifies a v5e TPU with 4 cores. For more information,
    see `TPU versions <https://cloud.devsite.corp.google.com/tpu/docs/system-architecture-tpu-vm#versions>`_.
* - RUNTIME_VERSION
  - The TPU VM runtime version to use. For more information see `TPU VM images <https://cloud.google.com/tpu/docs/runtimes>`_.
* - SERVICE_ACCOUNT
  - The email address for your service account. You can find it in the IAM
    Cloud Console under *Service Accounts*. For example:
    `tpu-service-account@<your_project_ID>.iam.gserviceaccount.com`
```

Connect to your TPU using SSH:

```bash
gcloud compute tpus tpu-vm ssh TPU_NAME --zone ZONE
```

Install Miniconda:

```bash
wget https://repo.anaconda.com/miniconda/Miniconda3-latest-Linux-x86_64.sh
bash Miniconda3-latest-Linux-x86_64.sh
source ~/.bashrc
```

Create and activate a Conda environment for vLLM:

```bash
conda create -n vllm python=3.10 -y
conda activate vllm
```

Clone the vLLM repository and go to the vLLM directory:

```bash
git clone https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm.git && cd vllm
```

Uninstall the existing `torch` and `torch_xla` packages:

```bash
pip uninstall torch torch-xla -y
```

Install build dependencies:

```bash
pip install -r requirements-tpu.txt
sudo apt-get install libopenblas-base libopenmpi-dev libomp-dev
```

Run the setup script:

```bash
VLLM_TARGET_DEVICE="tpu" python setup.py develop
```

## Provision Cloud TPUs with GKE

For more information about using TPUs with GKE, see
<https://cloud.google.com/kubernetes-engine/docs/how-to/tpus>
<https://cloud.google.com/kubernetes-engine/docs/concepts/tpus>
<https://cloud.google.com/kubernetes-engine/docs/concepts/plan-tpus>

(build-docker-tpu)=

## Build a docker image with {code}`Dockerfile.tpu`

You can use <gh-file:Dockerfile.tpu> to build a Docker image with TPU support.

```console
docker build -f Dockerfile.tpu -t vllm-tpu .
```

Run the Docker image with the following command:

```console
# Make sure to add `--privileged --net host --shm-size=16G`.
docker run --privileged --net host --shm-size=16G -it vllm-tpu
```

```{note}
Since TPU relies on XLA which requires static shapes, vLLM bucketizes the
possible input shapes and compiles an XLA graph for each shape. The
compilation time may take 20~30 minutes in the first run. However, the
compilation time reduces to ~5 minutes afterwards because the XLA graphs are
cached in the disk (in {code}`VLLM_XLA_CACHE_PATH` or {code}`~/.cache/vllm/xla_cache` by default).
```

````{tip}
If you encounter the following error:

```console
from torch._C import *  # noqa: F403
ImportError: libopenblas.so.0: cannot open shared object file: No such
file or directory
```

Install OpenBLAS with the following command:

```console
$ sudo apt-get install libopenblas-base libopenmpi-dev libomp-dev
```
````